Multiple Sclerosis FAQs — Frequently Asked Questions
What Is Multiple Sclerosis?
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a neurological disease, which means it affects your nerves. A substance called myelin wraps around your nerves to protect them. MS is the breakdown of myelin as your body attacks itself. The word “sclerosis” refers to the scar tissue or lesions that appear as the myelin is damaged. The unprotected nerves can’t function as they would with normal, healthy myelin, producing a wide range of symptoms that vary in severity.
Is MS a Chronic Condition?
Multiple sclerosis is a chronic condition because there is not yet a cure. However, for the vast majority of people with MS, the disease is not fatal. Most of the 2 million people worldwide with MS have a normal life expectancy. MS symptoms can be managed and controlled with medications and lifestyle adjustments.
What Are MS Symptoms?
The list of possible MS symptoms is long. It includes numbness and tingling, vision problems, balance and mobility issues, and slurred speech. There is no “typical” symptom of MS because each person experiences the disease differently. The unpredictable pattern of symptoms has to do with which nerves your immune system attacks at any given time.
What Causes Multiple Sclerosis?
Doctors still don’t fully understand what causes MS, but data suggest that genetics, environment, and possibly viruses may play a role. Siblings of an affected person have a 2–5% risk of developing MS. Some scientists theorize that MS develops because a person is born with a genetic predisposition to react to some environmental trigger, which sets off an autoimmune response.
Is Multiple Sclerosis Fatal or Contagious?
Multiple sclerosis is neither fatal nor contagious. There may be a familial predisposition, but MS cannot be passed from person to person.
Is There a Cure for Multiple Sclerosis?
Unfortunately, there is not yet a cure for MS. However, several disease-modifying drugs can slow progression, and various treatments help people manage symptoms and live productive, fulfilling lives.
Will I Need a Wheelchair?
Most people with MS get around without assistance. Approximately 25% of people with MS will eventually need a wheelchair or walking aid such as a cane or walker. Many people manage very well with appropriate therapy and treatment.
Which MS Therapy Is Best for Me?
Choosing therapy is a decision to make with your doctor. Factors to consider include effectiveness, side effects, your lifestyle, and how the therapy is administered. Dr. Crayton will provide educational materials and guide you through your options at your appointment.
What Is Optic Neuritis?
Optic neuritis is inflammation of the optic nerve — the nerve in the back of the eye that transmits images to the brain. According to the National MS Society, 55% of people with MS will have an episode of optic neuritis, and it is frequently the first symptom of the disease.
Symptoms of Optic Neuritis include:
- Pain in the eye
- Blurred vision
- Graying of vision
- Blindness in one eye
Loss of vision typically worsens over a few days before improving over 4–12 weeks. Treatment may include intravenous and/or oral steroids to reduce inflammation.
What Information Can Be Found in My Health Record?
Your health record is created any time you see a health professional. It may contain:
- Medical history and family medical history
- Lab results and imaging (X-rays, MRIs)
- Medications prescribed
- Lifestyle details (exercise, smoking, stress levels)
- Doctor and nurse notes
- Results of operations and procedures